全文获取类型
收费全文 | 141580篇 |
免费 | 4395篇 |
国内免费 | 3883篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 581篇 |
2022年 | 661篇 |
2021年 | 2477篇 |
2020年 | 1618篇 |
2019年 | 2041篇 |
2018年 | 13260篇 |
2017年 | 11632篇 |
2016年 | 9246篇 |
2015年 | 3592篇 |
2014年 | 3935篇 |
2013年 | 4149篇 |
2012年 | 8734篇 |
2011年 | 16624篇 |
2010年 | 14272篇 |
2009年 | 10232篇 |
2008年 | 12097篇 |
2007年 | 13392篇 |
2006年 | 2204篇 |
2005年 | 2177篇 |
2004年 | 2414篇 |
2003年 | 2266篇 |
2002年 | 1877篇 |
2001年 | 1208篇 |
2000年 | 1115篇 |
1999年 | 957篇 |
1998年 | 580篇 |
1997年 | 548篇 |
1996年 | 539篇 |
1995年 | 476篇 |
1994年 | 459篇 |
1993年 | 336篇 |
1992年 | 499篇 |
1991年 | 417篇 |
1990年 | 409篇 |
1989年 | 340篇 |
1988年 | 256篇 |
1987年 | 213篇 |
1986年 | 180篇 |
1985年 | 173篇 |
1984年 | 146篇 |
1983年 | 134篇 |
1982年 | 90篇 |
1981年 | 67篇 |
1979年 | 78篇 |
1978年 | 54篇 |
1977年 | 53篇 |
1975年 | 64篇 |
1973年 | 50篇 |
1972年 | 287篇 |
1971年 | 310篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 156 毫秒
991.
Communities of plant-parasitic nematodes collected from five different vegetation types (canopy woodland, savannah, gallery forest, cultivated perennial, and annual plants) and soils (yellowish red latosols, dark red latosols, arenosols, acrisols, and gleysols) were studied. Ninety percent of the soil samples collected from savannah contained at least four genera of plant-parasitic nematodes. The highest population densities were recovered from perennial plants and from acrisols. Nematodes from perennial and annual plants formed one cluster, which had a similar flexible-beta distance to that from the gallery forest. The distance in the native savannah and in canopy woodland was very different. Distance values for the soil aspect were similar for arenosols, yellowish, and dark red latosols. The value for acrisols was much larger than for the other soils. 相似文献
992.
The protein conformation and a zinc-binding domain of an autoantigen from mouse seminal vesicle. 下载免费PDF全文
The protein conformation of a mouse seminal vesicle autoantigen was studied by circular dichroism spectroscopy. At pH 7.4, the spectrum in the UV region appears as one negative band at 217 nm and one positive band at 200 nm. This together with the predicted secondary structures indicates no helices but a mixture of beta form, beta turn, and unordered form in the protein molecule. The conformation is stable even at pH 10.5 or 3.0. The spectrum in the near-UV region consists of fine structures that are disturbed in acidic or alkaline solution. The environments around Trp2 and Trp82 of this protein were studied by intrinsic fluorescence and solute quenching. They give an emission peak at 345 nm, and about 87% of them are accessible to quenching by acrylamide. Correlating the quenching effect of CsCl and Kl on the protein fluorescence to the charged groups along the polypeptide chain suggests the difference in the "local charge" around the two tryptophan residues. The presence of ZnCl2 in the protein solution effects no change in the circular dichroism but perturbs the fluorescence due to Trp82. Analysis of the fluorescence data suggests a Zn(2+)-binding site on the protein, which cannot coordinate with both Ca2+ and Mg2+. The association constant for the complex formation is 1.35 x 10(5) +/- 0.04 x 10(5) M-1 at pH 7.4. 相似文献
993.
Pollen Fertility Restoration by Nuclear Gene Fr in Cms Bean: Nuclear-Directed Alteration of a Mitochondrial Population 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4 下载免费PDF全文
Two nuclear genes, Fr and Fr2, have been identified that restore pollen fertility to cytoplasmic male sterile (CMS) common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) by apparently distinct mechanisms. Whereas Fr2 appears to suppress the expression of a male sterility associated mitochondrial sequence (designated pvs), Fr restores pollen fertility by causing the elimination of this unusual mitochondrial DNA segment. To further investigate the mechanism of Fr action, Fr and Fr2 were cointroduced into the nucleus of a bean line containing the sterility inducing cytoplasm. When the effect of pvs was suppressed by Fr2, the presence of Fr no longer directed the elimination of the mitochondrial pvs sequence. This result suggests that the Fr function is dependent on proper expression of the pvs sequence. To evaluate the temporal and spatial patterns of Fr action, we undertook a polymerase chain reaction-based approach to trace the fate of the pvs sequence in different tissues of F(2) and F(3) fertile-restored plants derived from a genetic cross between a cytoplasmic male sterile line of common bean, CMS-Sprite (frfr), and fertility restorer line R351 (FrFr). We demonstrate that the Fr-directed disappearance of pvs sequence occurs during flower development. Elimination of the pvs sequence from developing megaspores results in permanent fertility restoration in the following generations. Genetic analysis demonstrated that permanent fertility restoration, that is, the complete elimination of pvs from reproductive tissues requires two doses of the Fr allele or the absence of fr in F(2) individuals. The effect of Fr was reversible until full fertility was achieved. On the basis of these results, we propose a model for the mechanism of pvs elimination by the Fr gene and discuss the dynamics of pvs-containing mitochondrial transmission in the presence of the Fr gene. 相似文献
994.
本文采用Y染色体特异的性别决定基因(Sry)作为新的细胞遗传标志,通过PCR技术来追踪观察造血干细胞的增殖与分化性能。该方法具有简便、灵敏和特异等优点。雌性受体小鼠输注雄鼠骨髓细胞和13天脾结节(CFU-S13)细胞后,Sry PCR测试受体小鼠的CFU-S结果表明,它们均为供体来源的XY细胞。用Sry PCR骨髓细胞和骨髓中脾结节生成细胞(CPU-S)的长期重建造血能力,结果表明,在存活雌性小鼠 相似文献
995.
996.
Ming Li Wang Lu Huang Deverie K. Bongard-Pierce Stephen Belmonte Eve Ann Zachgo John W. Morris Maureen Dolan Howard M. Goodman 《The Plant journal : for cell and molecular biology》1997,12(3):711-730
A method for construction of bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) contigs from a yeast artifical chromosome (YAC) physical map is described. An ∼2 Mb contig, consisting of two large BAC contigs linked by a small YAC, has been assembled in the region around 80 cM of Arabidopsis thaliana chromosome 2. Clones from this contig will facilitate gene isolation in the region and can be used directly as substrates for DNA sequencing. 相似文献
997.
抗菌肽的固相合成,分离纯化与构效关系的研究 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
应用手工固相DCC/HOBt法合成CecropinB、Shival1、ABP3、WHD4种抗菌肽,各抗菌肽的C-端均为酰胺化,最终用HPLC分离纯化,这4种肽对大肠杆菌K12D31,野生型大肠杆菌,产气杆菌及4种植物病原菌青枯菌,临床致病理大肠杆菌,伤寒杆菌,硝酸盐杆菌均有明显的杀伤或抑制作用,对白血病细胞K560,肺癌细胞A549也有杀伤作用,其中尤以WHD杀伤作用最为明显,并用对其它3种肽不能 相似文献
998.
999.
1000.
甘蔗和烟草幼叶原生质体的核酸含量与核酸酶活性及其影响因素 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
与幼叶组织相比,酶法新鲜分离的甘蔗和烟草幼叶原生质体内的RNA、DNA及总核酸含量均降低。其原因可能是刚游离的原生质体内酸性和碱性RNA酶与DNA酶等活性提高所致。甘蔗叶原生质体内的核酸降低量和RNA酶与DNA酶活性的增加程度均高于烟草。随用作渗透压稳定剂的甘露醇浓度增加,甘蔗和烟草叶原生质体的RNA酶和DNA酶活性均相应提高。其中以甘蔗叶原生质体的核酸酶活性增加水平较明显。在细胞壁降解产物的作用下,除了甘蔗原生质体内的RNA酶活性略被促进外,其DNA酶和烟草叶原生质体内的核酸酶均不受影响 相似文献